General Knowledge

  • Lived from 1632-1704 CE
  • Born in Wrington (village), Somerset (county), England (country)
  • Highly respected scholar
  • "Father of Liberal Philosophy"
  • Major Works
    • "Two Treatises of Civil Government" published in the early 1680's
    • "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" published in 1690
      • Establishes the principles for modern Empiricism
      • "He writes that we can be certain that God exists, and be as certain of mortality as we are of mathematics, because we create moral and political ideas" (egs.edu)
      • Challenges the rationalist view of innate ideas
    • "Some Considerations of the Consequences of Lowering of Interest" published in 1691
    • "Some Thoughts Concerning Education" published in 1693
    • "Further Considerations" and "The Reasonableness of Christianity" published in 1695
  • Philosophy
    • All our thoughts and ideas issue from that which we have taken in through the senses
    • Before we perceive anything, our mind is a tabula rasa (empty slate)
    • When we start to sense things (smell, taste, feel, etc.) as infants, simple ideas of sense arise
      • When these single ideas get worked on by thinking, doubt, reasoning and doubting, he calls them reflection
  • Went to Oxford to study medicine
    • Became a physician for Lord Ashley in London
  • Parents are Puritans* which influenced his upbringing
    • *-Group of Protestants in the 16th and 17th century
  • "Leader of the Enlightenment Age"
    • Fathered Classical Liberalism
  • Favored Descartes' teachings over Aristotle's
  • Beliefs
    • Equal rights for all and freedom of religion
      • King of England saw it as a challenge to his authority
        • King exiled Locke from England, and Locke lost everything he had worked for
      • "Locke wrote and developed the philosophy that there was no legitimate government under the divine right of kings theory." (let.rug.nl)
    • He saw that the reason government is established is to protect the life, liberty and property of a people
      • Government protects the natural rights* of human beings
        • Used in the Declaration of Independence
          • Ideas from his philosophy were used by the North American colonies in their revolution from England
        • *- Life, liberty and property
    • We learn through experience
  • Death
    • Lived in Oates in Essex in the home of Sir Francis
    • Died in October
  • Sources